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What Is Hurricane Storm Surge, and Why Can It Be So Catastrophic?_我的网站

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A | 对于奇幻精灵迷来说，这是个大日子，因为《荆棘与玫瑰之庭》的作者莎拉·J·玛斯（Sarah J. Maas）在她的 Instagram 上公布了第六本和第七本书的书名——《碎裂和谐之庭》（A Court of Splintered Harmony）和《遗忘旋律之庭》（A Court of Forgotten Melody）——以及它们的封面。

B |

By Anthony C. Didlake Jr.

Of all the hazards that hurricanes bring, storm surge is the greatest threat to life and property along the coast. It can sweep homes off their foundations, flood riverside communities miles inland, and break up dunes and levees that normally protect coastal areas against storms.

As a hurricane reaches the coast, it pushes a huge volume of ocean water ashore. This is what we call storm surge.

This surge appears as a gradual rise in the water level as the storm approaches. Depending on the size and track of the hurricane, storm surge flooding can last for several hours. It then recedes after the storm passes.

Water level heights during a hurricane can reach 20 feet or more above normal sea level. With powerful waves on top of it, a hurricane’s storm surge can cause catastrophic damage.

What determines how high storm surge gets?

Storm surge begins over the open ocean. The strong winds of a hurricane push the ocean waters around and cause water to pile up under the storm. The low air pressure of the storm also plays a small role in lifting the water level. The height and extent of this pile of water depend on the strength and size of the hurricane.

As this pile of water moves toward the coast, other factors can change its height and extent.

If a coastal area has a sea floor that gently slopes away from the coastline, it’s more likely to see a higher storm surge than an area with a steeper drop-off. Gentle slopes along the Louisiana and Texas coasts have contributed to some devastating storm surges. Hurricane Katrina’s surge in 2005 broke levees and flooded New Orleans. Hurricane Ike’s 15- to 17-foot storm surge and waves swept hundreds of homes off Texas’ Bolivar Peninsula in 2008. Both were large, powerful storms that hit in vulnerable locations.

The shape of the coastline can also shape the surge. When storm surge enters a bay or river, the geography of the land can act as a funnel, sending the water even higher.

Other factors that shape storm surge

Ocean tides – caused by the gravity of the moon and sun – can also strengthen or weaken the impact of storm surge. So, it’s important to know the timing of the local tides compared to the hurricane landfall.

At high tide, the water is already at an elevated height. If landfall happens at high tide, the storm surge will cause even higher water levels and bring more water further inland. The Carolinas saw those effects when Hurricane Isaias hit at close to high tide on Aug. 3, 2020. Isaias brought a storm surge of about 4 feet at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, but the water level was more than 10 feet above normal.

How storm surge and high tide add up to coastal flooding.(The COMET Program/UCAR and National Weather Service)

Sea level rise is another growing concern that influences storm surge.

As water warms, it expands, and that has slowly raised sea level over the past century as global temperatures have risen. Freshwater from melting of ice sheets and glaciers also adds to sea level rise. Together, they elevate the background ocean height. When a hurricane arrives, the higher ocean means storm surge can bring water further inland, to a more dangerous and widespread effect.

。她还在新封面旁透露了简介：“破碎者终将重塑”以及“遗失者终将收回”。玛斯已经在《Call Her Daddy》播客中透露了《荆棘与玫瑰之庭》第六部和第七部的发售日期。我们得知，《碎裂和谐之庭》将于 2026 年 10 月 27 日上架书店和 Kindle，随后《遗忘旋律之庭》将于 2027 年 1 月 12 日发售。

C | 该系列讲述了三姐妹被卷入充满精灵阴谋、危险和浪漫的世界，这种火辣的设定大受欢迎。去年，布鲁姆斯伯里出版社透露，该作者的书籍销量已超过 7500 万册，并以 40 种语言出版。难怪这次出版社大张旗鼓地进行宣传，甚至在纽约时代广场投放广告牌来展示这些新封面。在参加《Call Her Daddy》播客期间，玛斯还谈到了潜在的《荆棘与玫瑰之庭》电视剧集，据报道该剧集去年在 Hulu 被取消了。“目前我的重点是写书，大家已经有一段时间没有看到新作品了，所以我正专注于此。但我把任何影视改编都看作是我所创造的世界的另一个侧面，这是我想掌控的事情，”玛斯说道。“我想参与其中，我想看到一切都按照我的构思和粉丝们期待的方式进行改编，我永远不想听到诸如‘噢，我们需要改变这个来迎合某某受众群’之类的话。我觉得，‘不，那不是创作艺术的方式。那不是我创作故事的方式。’所以当我做这件事时，那一定会是由我主导，我会全身心地投入其中，确保它呈现正确。”如果新书名让你对该系列更加期待，目前两本书都已开启预订。Rachel Weber 是编辑开发主管，也是一名资深千禧一代。她自 2006 年在英国《官方 PlayStation 杂志》开始职业生涯以来，一直是一名专业极客，此后曾为 GamesIndustry.Biz、《滚石》和 GamesRadar 工作。她热爱恐怖题材、恐怖电影、恐怖游戏、荒野大镖客：救赎2 以及她的 Love and Deepspace 男友们。

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